Neurocitoma extraventricular: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Abstract

The extraventricular neurocytoma (NEV) is a neoplasm of the CNS with neuronal differentiation, infrequent, whose incidence until now has been reported as 0.02-0.13% of the intracranial tumors. It was first described in 1992 by Nishio et al. and it has been recently introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its fourth edition of the classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). This entity presents characteristics and behavior similar to the central neurocytoma (NC), but is located in extraventricular parenchymal tissue. We present the case of a 28-year-old male patient who attended the emergency service of the University Hospital of the Caribbean for severe headache, predominantly in the early morning and morning, associated with nausea and emesis, marked drowsiness, confused language, no control of sphincters; and loss of strength in the left side of the body. The diagnostic images  computed tomography and magnetic resonance) identify a cortico-subcortical lesion at the left parietooccipital level. The by hematoxylin and eosin allowed a preliminary diagnosis of Low Grade Tumor of possible glioneuronal origin. Subsequently, the immunostaining reported positivity in the tumor cells for Synaptophysin, and negativity for GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein) and Inhibin. Taking into account these results in immunohistochemical staining, the lesion is reported as a Left Parietooccipital Extraventricular Neurocytoma WHO grade II.