Superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Literature review regarding a case of neurosurgical management
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Abstract
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SDCSS) is a little-known pathology that has recently been described. It is characterized by vestibular and/or auditory symptoms induced by loud noises or pressure changes, which affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it. This syndrome could be explained by a mobile “third window” phenomenon between the superior semicircular canal devoid of its bone cover (due to congenital and/or secondary causes) and the adjacent dura mater, allowing a new decompression pathway to acoustic stimuli, which are partially dissipated to the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth, generating the symptoms of the disease. The diagnosis is clinical, with directed anamnesis being essential, supported by cochleovestibular functional examinations suggestive of the biomechanical effect of dehiscence, and corroborated with imaging studies (CT of the ear, MRI of the brain). When a diagnosis of SDCSS is confirmed, it is important to inform the patient about the situation and possible treatments: conservative, consisting of general measures that avoid the stimuli that trigger the symptoms, and surgical, when the symptoms are disabling. The most frequent approaches are through middle
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superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, third window phenomenon, middle fossa craniotomy, transmastoid approach
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