The Anatomofunctional alterations produced in non-syndromic craniosynostosis
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Abstract
Introduction: Craniosynostosis (CS) is defined as the ossification and/or premature closure of one or more cranial sutures from the intrauterine stage. This defect causes compression of the cerebral cortex, causing neurocognitive and motor
dysfunction, and a slowdown in the development of the intellectual (IQ), among others. Methodology: A review of the literature was carried out in Pubmed, MeSh, and Cureus with explicit reference to the terms “Craniosynostosis”, “Non-syndromic craniosynostosis”, “Non-syndromic neurocognitive alterations in CS”. Results: Considering that the increase in intracranial pressure is secondary to the congenitally fused suture on the brain, compression damage occurs on the cerebral cortex directly or indirectly; leading to structural modifications of the brain parenchyma and higher rates of anatomical and cognitive- behavioral alterations. Altered connectivity has been identified in different areas of the brain parenchyma in patients with CS. Currently, pediatric patients with non-syndromic CS present mild or subtle cognitive-behavioral or language alterations, which can appear early or late. Early surgical treatment is ideal for improving the prognosis of patients, however, it will depend on the moment of clinical or tomographic evidence of synostosis. The goals of surgical treatment are to increase or expand the volume of the skull, reduce intracranial pressure, and correct skull deformity. It is recommended that the corrective surgical procedure be performed before 9 months of age. Conclusions: Parents of children with CS should be informed about the risk of potential associated anomalies, such as motor dysfunction, executive dysfunction, learning and language disorders, cognitive deficits, and behavioral alterations. We must establish pre- and postoperative evaluations of neuropsychological functions to identify alterations not perceptible in the neurosurgery consultation.
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Cranial suture, Neurological surgery, Neurosurgery, neurosciences
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